GPs split over assisted dying plans, BBC research suggests

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1Family doctors in England are deeply divided on the issue of assisted dying, BBC research on plans to legalise the practice suggests.

2The findings give a unique insight into how strongly many GPs feel about the proposed new law - and highlight how personal beliefs and experiences are shaping doctors' views on the issue.

3BBC News sent more than 5,000 GPs a questionnaire asking whether they agreed with changing the law to allow assisted dying for certain terminally ill people in England and Wales.

4More than 1,000 GPs replied, with about 500 telling us they were against an assisted dying law and about 400 saying they were in favour.

5Some of the 500 GPs who told us they were against the law change called the bill "appalling", "highly dangerous", and "cruel". 6"We are doctors, not murderers," one said.

7Of the 400 who said they supported assisted dying, some described the bill as "long overdue" and "a basic human right".

8"We are keeping human bodies alive in the most inhumane manner," one said. 9They asked: "How do we ethically justify forcing these bodies to continue to exist in decrepitude?"

10We cannot know whether the GPs who responded to the BBC are representative of all family doctors.

11It comes as MPs will this week again debate proposed changes to the controversial bill, with a vote in parliament expected on whether to pass or block it next month.

12If assisted dying does become legal in England and Wales, it would be a historic change for society.

13Current laws prevent medics from helping any patient to carry out their wish to die. 14The Terminally Ill Adults (End of Life) 15Bill would allow any doctor to be involved in assisted dying, but GPs are often a large part of the practice in other countries. 16On Tuesday, a separate bill to legalise assisted dying in Scotland passed an initial vote.

17The BBC's research, carried out over a few weeks in March and April, is the first in-depth look at how GPs in England feel about the proposed new law.

18Nine out of 10 GPs who said they were against legalising assisted dying worried terminally ill patients would consider it because they felt guilty about being a burden on their loved ones or the health service.

19"The right to die becomes a duty to die for those who feel a burden on family," said one GP.

20Another common concern was patients might be coerced. 21Some told us they had treated elderly people with family members they suspected of being more focussed on their inheritance than their relatives.

22More than half of the group who opposed a law change said it would be against their religious beliefs.

23They spoke about life being "sacred" and called assisted dying "sinful". 24Some referred to the commandment "thou shalt not kill".

25Another argument from those who said they were against assisted dying was the health system should instead focus on improving end-of-life care.

26One GP said creating an assisted dying law was "scandalous" when hospices were largely funded by charities rather than by the state.

27Separately, on Tuesday the Royal College of Psychiatrists said that while the group "remains neutral" on the principle of assisted dying, it "just cannot support this bill".

28In an interview with BBC's Newsnight, the college's president Dr Lade Smith cited a lack of requirements concerning the "unmet needs" of patients, and a shortage of psychiatrists to process requests.

29"We're concerned that there isn't a requirement to think about any unmet needs a person might have. 30A person with a terminal illness... they may be in pain, they have difficulty with their housing, their finances because they haven't been able to work, they might feel lonely, isolated," Dr Smith said.

31Dr Gordon Macdonald, CEO of Care Not Killing said there was a "black hole" in the hospice budget and "we need better care not killing".

32Dying with dignity

33More than 400 GPs told us they supported a law change, with some describing feeling "traumatised" and "haunted" by watching people die in "severe pain or distress".

34Of those who said they were in favour, more than nine in 10 respondents believed it could allow patients to have a dignified death.

35Some shared personal experiences: telling us about watching their parents losing dignity or begging to die. 36One said their sick wife prayed every evening to not wake up in the morning.

37Those who backed assisted dying often spoke about patient choice, arguing it was patronising not to let people decide how they wanted to die.

38Wanting the option of an assisted death for themselves or their loved ones was another common reason for supporting the law.

39"Personally, I would find this a comfort and I resent those who take this choice away from me," one told us.

40'Unpredictable' timeframe

41If assisted dying does become law in England and Wales, it would apply to certain terminally ill patients who were reasonably expected to die within six months.

42But more than a quarter of all the GPs who responded told us they would rarely, or never be confident assessing if a patient was expected to die in that time frame.

43"It's unpredictable even in the severely frail," one said.

44No doctor would be obliged to work in assisted dying. 45Of the 1,000 GP respondents, more than 500 told us they would be willing to discuss assisted dying with a patient.

46Nearly 300 would assess if a patient was eligible and 161 said they would prepare a substance for a patient to take to end their own life.

47Legal risks

48Prof Kamila Hawthorne, chair of the Royal College of GPs, said the BBC's research showed GPs had "real concerns about the practical and legal implications of a change in the law on assisted dying".

49"These must be acknowledged and addressed, so that any legislation is watertight," she said.

50Sarah Wootton, chief executive of Dignity in Dying, said GPs and other medics will "rightly be considering how they will navigate" the proposed law.

51She said evidence from assisted dying laws in Australia and the US showed it could be carried out "safely and effectively, with far reaching benefits for end-of-life care and robust protections for both patients and doctors".

52Additional reporting by Vicki Loader, Elena Bailey, Natalie Wright and Hannah Karpel

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from BBC